Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3

Chief Editors

Dr Russell A. Mittermeier: President, Conservation International; Vice-President, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); and Chair, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, USA.

Professor Anthony B. Rylands: Senior Research Scientist, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA; and Deputy Chair, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Don E. Wilson: Chairman, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; and Co-chair, IUCN/SSC Small Mammal Specialist Group.

Authors

Martina V. Anandam: Researcher, Wildlife Information Liaison Development, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr Elizabeth L. Bennett: Vice-President, Species Conservation, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Bruna M. Bezerra: Research Fellow, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr David J. Chivers: Reader Emeritus in Primate Biology and Conservation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Fellow and Tutor, Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Margaret K. Corley: Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Fanny M. Cornejo: Research Program, Yunkawasi, Lima, Peru; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Tim R. B. Davenport: Country Director - Tanzania, Wildlife Conservation Society, Mbeya, Tanzania; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Nicola J. Davies: Higher Education and Research Officer, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, c/o Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol, UK.

Dr Thomas R. Defler: Associate Professor, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Leticia, Colombia; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Kate M. Detwiler: Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.

Dr Antje Engelhardt: Working Group Leader, Research Group on Primate Sexual Selection, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Center and Courant Research Center "Evolution of Social Behaviour," University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Dr Ardith A. Eudey: Biological Anthropologist, Upland, California, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Eduardo Fernandez-Duque: Associate Professor and Director, Owl Monkey Project, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Adjunct Researcher, CONICET, Argentina; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Stephen F. Ferrari: Adjunct Professor, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; CNPq Research Fellow; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Gisela H. Fickenscher: Research Scientist, Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.

Dr Barbara I. Fruth: Senior Research Fellow, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Elizabeth L. Gadsby: Pandrillus Foundation, Portland, Oregon, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr Kenneth E. Glander: Professor, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Professor Colin P. Groves: Professor of Biological Anthropology, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; also, member of the following IUCN/SSC groups: African Rhino, Antelope, Asian Rhino, Asian Wild Cattle, Deer, Equid, Hippo, Peccary, Primate, Small Carnivore, and Wild Pig.

Professor S. Gursky-Doyen: Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Aoife Healy: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.

Dr T. Humle: Lecturer in Primate Behaviour and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; member of the Scientific Commission of GRASP (Great Apes Survival Partnership, UNEP); and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr K. P. Karanth: Assistant Professor, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

R. Konstant: Conservation Biologist, Flourtown, Pennsylvania, USA; member of the Advisory Committee, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr E. E. Louis Jr: Director of Conservation Genetics, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium’s Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; General Director, Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership, Antananarivo, Madagascar; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr F. G. Maisels: Conservation Scientist, Africa Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, USA; Honorary Research Fellow, African Forest Ecology Group, Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr L. K. Marsh: Director, Global Conservation Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr R. A. Mittermeier: President, Conservation International; Vice-President, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); and Chair, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, USA.

Dr S. Molur: Executive Director, Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) Trust, and Founder Secretary, Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; and Regional Co-Vice Chair for South Asia, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

B. Morton: Scottish Primate Research Group, Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.

Nadler: Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Cuc Phuong National Park, Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Professor K. A. I. Nekaris: Professor of Primate Conservation, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

P. Paim: Researcher, Research Group in Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development - MISD/MCTI, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.

Dr L. P. Pinto: Coordinator, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Amazônica - CEPAM, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr H. L. Queiroz: General Director, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development - MISD/MCTI, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.

Dr B. M. Rawson: Biodiversity Advisor, Community Carbon Pools Programme, Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK; and Vice-Chair, Section on Gibbons, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

C. Richardson: Author and translator, Toronto, Canada; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr E. P. Riley: Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.

Dr C. Roos: Head, Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany; Senior Research Scientist, Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany; and Regional Co-Vice Chair for South-east Asia/Indochina, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Professor A. E. Russon: Department of Psychology, Glendon College of York University, Toronto, Canada; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Professor A. B. Rylands: Senior Research Scientist, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA; and Deputy Chair, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr C. Schwitzer: Head of Research, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, c/o Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol, UK; and Regional Co-Vice Chair for Madagascar, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr L. K. Sheeran: Professor, Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, and Director, Primate Behavior and Ecology Program, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA.

Dr M. Shekelle: Visiting Assistant Professor and Adjunct Curator, Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr I. Singleton: Director of Conservation, Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, PanEco Foundation, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Spence-Aizenberg: Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Dr M. Talebi: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil; Project Director, Pró-Muriqui Association, São Miguel Arcanjo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Regional Co-Vice Chair for Brazil and the Guianas, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr N. Ting: Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.

Dr L. M. Veiga†: Post-doctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; and Regional Co-Vice Chair for Brazil and the Guianas, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Dr J. Wallis: Adjunct Lecturer, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Environment, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA; Vice-President for Conservation, International Primatological Society (IPS); and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

S. Waters: Director, Moroccan Biodiversity Conservation & Research, Tetouan, Morocco; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate and Reintroduction specialist groups.

Dr D. J. Whittaker: Managing Director, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

A. Williamson: Senior Honorary Research Fellow, Scottish Primate Research Group, Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK; and Vice-Chair, Section on Great Apes, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Zinner: Senior Research Scientist, Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany; and member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group.

Artist

Stephen D. Nash

Born in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, England in 1954, Stephen Nash attended the Colchester School of Art, Middlesex University, and the Royal College of Art, and since 1982 has worked for Dr. Russell Mittermeier, Chair of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and President of Conservation International, and Dr. Anthony Rylands, Deputy Chair of the PSG,  producing images for numerous books, scientific articles, and conservation education materials.
Initially intent upon pursuing a career in medical illustration, his life changed when he encountered Callitrichid monkeys for the first time at London Zoo, and he became determined to find out as much as he could about them. (Years later, he was to find that a long-forgotten childhood toy which strongly resembled a tamarin may well have subconsciously influenced him.) His interest in primates developed quickly, along with an ambition to illustrate every taxon. This undertaking was informed with more significance by his research into his own ancestry, which continues.

In a 2008 article in the Journal of Threatened Taxa he wrote: "As I have delved deeper and deeper in time, moving away from the recent, outermost leaf tips of my family tree towards the comparatively ancient trunk, it has become ever more obvious how closely related all of humanity really is. So it is that it has been really quite easy to take the next step and acknowledge, not just intellectually but viscerally, our close relationship with our zoological 'cousins', the primates. Beyond even this realization comes the acceptance of our membership of a global family that includes all life on the planet. This is not a new concept, of course, and it has been part of many philosophies and religions for centuries before recent scientific breakthroughs, especially in the field of genetics, have given it scientific weight. My work has become for me a celebration of this personal acknowledgement of these wider connections."

In 2002, a species of Titi Monkey, Callicebus stephennashi, was named in his honor; in 2004, the American Society of Primatologists granted him its President's Award in recognition of his "significant contributions to primate taxonomy, to primate conservation, and to public education about primates and their habitats"; and in 2008 he received the Primate Society of Great Britain Medal for Special Contributions to Primatology.
 
He is based at Stony Brook University on Long Island, New York, USA, in the Department of Anatomical Sciences.